If the European Union wants to compete with the US and China, it will have to pour a lot of money into supporting industry. It wants to find it in the EU funds, which should be more closely linked to reforms after 2028. Slovakia may thus have one of the last opportunities to use European money to erase regional disparities, which it has so far failed to do.

The new system of paying for carbon at EU borders is technically flawed, impractical and harms domestic producers, the industry says. EU climate chief Wopke Hoekstra wants to fix it.

This article is part of the Special: the EU in 2025. European and global meteorological organisations have confirmed that last year saw the highest ever air temperatures in the history of measurements, and exceeded the key 1.5-degree threshold. In 2025, therefore, the Union needs to step up in both adaptation and mitigation.Both the new generation of Commissioners and the measures they are putting into practice can prove it. 

The new Commission is gradually unveiling the specific items it plans to address during its mandate. Most recently, President Ursula von der Leyen presented commitments on energy. Ensuring low prices and strengthening the grid should be a priority.