According to experts, Russia’s hybrid attacks aim to create the impression that European politicians are incapable of making decisions or managing crises. They argue that hybrid warfare requires a comprehensive response — from reducing energy dependence to mobilizing citizens. “We need to raise public awareness of these attacks precisely so that we do not have to deploy the military in the future,” says Brigadier General Jürgen Schrödl.

Warsaw is preparing to amend its law on military deployments abroad so that its armed forces can shoot down Russian objects — such as drones — over Ukraine and Belarus without prior approval from NATO or the EU.

AMO analyst Pavel Havlíček sees Slovakia’s exclusion from the talks on the drone shield as partly due to its reluctance to participate in joint projects on the EU and NATO’s eastern flank. He also dismissed speculation that Russia might be planning a limited attack on Poland before Christmas: “At present, it is in a situation where it can only afford to test us, not directly threaten us militarily.”

At a defense summit in Prague, Mark Rutte stressed that it is up to Ukraine — not Russia, which rejects the idea — to decide whether it may one day want Western peacekeeping forces on its territory. He also warned that Russia and China are currently building their militaries at an “astonishing pace,” and will not stop even after the war in Ukraine ends.